Everything about Chlordane totally explained
Chlordane is a manufactured chemical that was used as a
pesticide in the
United States from 1948 to 1988. It doesn't occur naturally in the environment. Technical chlordane isn't a single chemical, but is actually a mixture of mainly two isomers called alpha-chlordane and gamma-chlordane mixed with many production side products. It was sold by Chevron as a white powdery dust in combination with an emulsifier. When mixed with water, as a result of the emulsifier, it becomes a colorless to amber, thick liquid. Until 1983, chlordane was used as a pesticide on crops like
corn and
citrus and on home lawns and gardens. Chevron specifically marketed it as an
ant killer.
Because of concern about damage to the environment and harm to human health, the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned all uses of chlordane in 1983 except to control termites. In 1988, the EPA banned all uses of chlordane. The EPA recommends that a child shouldn't drink water with more than 60 parts of chlordane per billion parts of drinking water (60 ppb) for longer than 1 day. EPA has set a limit in drinking water of 2 ppb.
Chlordane sticks strongly to soil particles at the surface and isn't likely to enter groundwater and so as a result it can stay in the soil for over 20 years and breaks down very slowly. Chlordane doesn't dissolve easily in water.
It affects animal species because it builds up in the tissues of fish, birds, and mammals.
Chlordane affects the
nervous system, the
digestive system, and the
liver in people and animals. Headaches, irritability, confusion, weakness, vision problems, vomiting,
stomach cramps,
diarrhea, and
jaundice have occurred in people who breathed air containing high concentrations of chlordane or accidentally swallowed small amounts of chlordane. Large amounts of chlordane taken by mouth can cause
convulsions and
death in people. Recent human studies have linked chlordane exposure with prostate and breast cancers.
According to the
ATSDR, a man who had long-term skin contact with
soil containing high levels of chlordane had convulsions. Japanese workers who used chlordane over a long period of time had minor changes in liver function.
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Animals given high levels of chlordane by mouth for short periods died or had convulsions. Long-term exposure caused harmful effects in the liver of test animals.
It isn't known if chlordane affects human fertility or whether it
causes birth defects. Animals exposed before birth or while nursing developed behavioral effects later. A recent study in the
Journal of the National Cancer Institute concluded that exposure to chlordane metabolites may be associated with
testicular cancer. The incidence of
seminoma in men with the highest blood levels of
cis-nonachlor was almost double that of men with the lowest levels.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Chlordane'.
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